Foraging
activity is measured by using different parameters including, the foraging commencement
or/and cessation time (Joshi and Joshi 2010, Mattu et al., 2012, Tan et al.,
2012) Other
parameters related to foraging activity and the visiting of plants include, the
number of foragers per flower and time spent per flower(Sushil et al.,
2013); nectar and
pollen collection method from the blooms(MacKenzie 1994); the proportion of pollen or
nectar foragers relative to total foragers; (Riddell Pearce
et al., 2013)
The
resting time of bees on the flower is the time spend from
the moment it descends to the moment when she left the flower, and the
travelling time is known as the time it takes for bees to travelle from flower
to another flower of the same plant (Steel et al.,
1980)
In
1989 Herrera noted that there was a relationship between the length of the
bee’s mouth and the length of its resting time on the flower, long-tongued
species such as Anthophora
quadrifasciata, whose length of mouth parts was 11.1 mm long, were resting time found to be 0.8 seconds, while Honey bees which has a length of 5.1 mm
of her mouth parts and a resting time of
3.6 seconds and that indicates that the
longer it is the bees’ mouths are shorter
resting time, the shorter the length of time on the flower, and (Willmer et al.,
1994) confirmed that with honeybees
would be visited by the flower of the Glen Clova 11.53 seconds, the Glen Prosen
10.49 seconds, the 21.42 seconds on the Glen Moy flowers, and the length of
time spent in flower is also different from one plant to another, for the
flower of the plant Clova 3.27 seconds, and the flower of the plant Glen Moy
4.35 seconds and 4 seconds on the flower of the plant Glen Prosen. Bataw and Intisar
(2001) also noted that the
resting time length of honey bees on Rosmarinus officinalis was 1.32
seconds and the travelling time were 1.5 seconds.
In
2004, Gegear and Laverty tested two species of Apis mellifera and Bombus
spp. during the visit to two types of flowers (yellow flowers – blue flowers),
the study showed that the honey bee high stability on one type of flowers and
took longer time in the movement between flowers and the length of standing on
flowers did not differ significantly between the two types, as confirmed by (Fahn and Shimony 2001) on Lysioglossum spp. show
long resting period on Ecballium spp., while the Ceratina bees
showed a short resting time on the same flowers. The difference in the resting
and travelling time changing according
to the type of plant and reward sponsored by the bees, and the length of time
bees stand on the flowers when visiting depends on the type and quantity of
nectar and pollen(Harder 1986).
YeboahGyan
and Woodell pointed out in 1987 that honeybees were collected for pollen from
the flowers of the plant of Rubus fruticusus in the early morning and
may be due to the low concentration of sugar in the nectar because of high humidity and generally
collected pollen by bees increased during the day and extend to what between
noon and afternoon.,(Corbet and Delfosse 1984) noticed that honeybees collect
pollen of Echium pgantagineum only when the concentration of nectar is
less than 35%.
In a
study conducted by researchers Sazima and Feritas in 2003 on the flower of Viola
spp pointed out that the primary pollinator of the flowers of this plant
are females belonging to bees Andrena spp, which is mainly looking at
the pollen by shaking the flower and the researchers pointed out that the males
of this species circled around the
flower clusters to feed on nectar and represent secondary pollinators, (Giurfa and Núñez 1992) concluded that honeybees used
the smell of past Of flowers to avoid the lack of content of the nectar.
This study was conducted to identify the
behavior of hon
